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低波动率指数
上周领导看了条新闻,“12 年涨 14 倍的中证 500 低波动率指数”,一看人家组合跑的这么好,为什么我们的就不行。我也就再次分析分析了。
首先看这个指数,白线是500SNLV,就是500行业中性低波动率指数,黄线是中证500。可以看到,从07年以后跑赢,07年13年,14年和17年大幅跑赢。
不过实话说,中证500指数14年也六倍了,这个低波动指数比500多跑赢一倍,每年多跑赢10%不到,这个市场上说自己的alpha 20%-30%的量化基金经理很多。
这样看,这个成绩也不用特别惊讶。
不过低波动率是不是就是特别好用,剔除了行业中性,这指标到底是什么结果,我自己跑了一下。
先是最低波动率组:
结果不错,跑赢了中证500,其实听不容易的。
其次最高波动率组:显然,波动率高的组,收益特别低,因此这提醒我们,这个是显著的负alpha,而且熊市特别明显。
最后,是中间波动率组(1000-1050排序),它的收益并没有比最低波动率高很多。这也就让我们思考,我们主要是避开高波动率股票,就能跑赢很厉害的指数。
下图是500-550的,但实际上排名在500-550的还不如1000-1050的收益,因此看到,绝对的波动高低,对收益的指引能力,不具有显著性的解释能力,肯定要结合其他要素。
但不管是前50,还是500-550,或者1000-1050,我们都看到组合跑赢基准,这里面是不是因为这种权重分配方式很厉害,就是根据波动率的倒数分配权重,下面我做了进一步的检验。
用的是500-550的波动率排名,但是用的是平均分配资金,也就是等权指数。结果发现,二者表现几乎一摸一样,也就是权重分布的改变,几乎没有影响指数的绩效